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  • Hidden Depths

    The Origins of Human Connection

    Penny Spikins

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    In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. 

    Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths.

    Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.

    This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.

    Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use.

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    Keywords:

    Human demography Group size Lithic transfers Raw material movements Bonobos Dog burial Comfort Symbolic objects Symbolism Mobiliary art Attachment fluidity Hypersociability Human-animal relationships Dog domestication Attachment object Approachability Approach behaviour Avoidance behaviour Androgens Physiological responses Cognitive Archaeology Autism Spectrum Condition Handaxe Biface Neurodiversity Palaeolithic stone tools Evolution of neurodiversity Rock art Ice age art Material Culture Cultural transmission Emotional commitment Biopsychosocial approach Social tolerance Attachment Genus Homo Acheulian Cultural evolution Skeletal abnormality Injury Illness Interdependence Emotional sensitivity Moral emotions Evolution of Altruism Hominins Upper Palaeolithic Lower Palaeolithic Ecological niche Selective pressure Behavioural ecology Wolves Affective empathy Cognitive empathy Theory of mind Human Cognition Vulnerability Evolutionary Psychology Developmental psychology Helping behaviours Social cognition Social mammals Human Emotion Human social collaboration Generosity Emotional brain Social emotions Comparative behaviour Evolution Social carnivores Primate behavioural ecology Primate social systems Human Evolution Human ancestors Collaboration Evolutionary Biology Emotional vulnerability Social connection Decolonisation Social networks Middle Palaeolithic Community resilience Convergent evolution Chimpanzee Origin of modern humans Social safeness Wolf domestication Cherished possessions Compensatory attachment Loneliness Palaeolithic art Stress reactivity Bonding hormones Humans Hunter-gatherers Intergroup collaboration Tolerance Emotional connection Autism Trust Early Prehistory Palaeopathology Origins of healthcare Human self-domestication Palaeolithic Archaeology Social brain Care-giving Empathy Neanderthals Compassion Social Connection Evolution of Emotions Human Origins Adaptation Prehistory

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    How to cite this book
    Spikins, P. 2022. Hidden Depths: The Origins of Human Connection. York: White Rose University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22599/HiddenDepths
    Spikins, P., 2022. Hidden Depths: The Origins of Human Connection. York: White Rose University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22599/HiddenDepths
    Spikins, P. Hidden Depths: The Origins of Human Connection. White Rose University Press, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22599/HiddenDepths
    Spikins, P. (2022). Hidden Depths: The Origins of Human Connection. York: White Rose University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22599/HiddenDepths
    Spikins, Penny. 2022. Hidden Depths: The Origins of Human Connection. York: White Rose University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22599/HiddenDepths




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    This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution + Noncommercial 4.0 license. Copyright is retained by the author(s)

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    Additional Information

    Published on Aug. 23, 2022

    Language

    English

    Pages:

    470

    ISBN
    EPUB 978-1-912482-34-4
    Mobi 978-1-912482-35-1
    Paperback 978-1-912482-32-0
    PDF 978-1-912482-33-7

    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.22599/HiddenDepths